Gaskets are sealing materials placed between two surfaces to prevent leakage of fluids or gases under compression. They come in various materials like rubber, metal, or composite, tailored for specific applications. Common types include flat, spiral wound, and ring gaskets. Gaskets are vital in industries like automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing, ensuring tight seals in engines, pipelines, and machinery, thus preventing leaks and maintaining operational integrity. Regular maintenance and proper material selection are crucial for optimal performance and safety.