Carbon steel fittings are components used in piping systems made from carbon steel material. These fittings are crucial for connecting, terminating, controlling flow, and changing direction in pipelines across various industries, including oil and gas, petrochemical, power generation, and manufacturing.

Here are some common types of carbon steel fittings:

1. Carbon Steel Elbows: These are used to change the direction of the pipeline, typically at a 90-degree or 45-degree angle.

2. Carbon Steel Tees: Tees are used to connect three pipes at a junction, forming a ‘T’ shape.

3. Carbon Steel Reducers: Reducers are used to connect pipes of different sizes, allowing for a smooth transition in diameter.

4. Carbon Steel Caps: Caps are used to seal the end of a pipe, preventing the flow of fluids.

5. Carbon Steel Couplings: Couplings are used to connect two pipes together in a straight line.

6. Carbon Steel Crosses: Cross fittings are used when four pipes need to be joined at a junction, forming a ‘plus’ shape.

7. Carbon Steel Unions: Unions provide a detachable connection point in a pipeline, allowing for easy maintenance or disassembly.

Carbon steel fittings are preferred in many applications due to their strength, durability, and affordability. However, they may be susceptible to corrosion, especially in environments with high moisture or chemical exposure. Proper coating or treatment can mitigate this risk. Additionally, carbon steel fittings should be selected based on their compatibility with the specific requirements of the application, such as temperature, pressure, and fluid type.